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The Counseling Psychologist
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Scale Development Research

A Content Analysis and Recommendations for Best Practices

Roger L. Worthington

University of Missouri-Columbia, WorthingtonR{at}missouri.edu

Tiffany A. Whittaker

University of Texas at Austin

The authors conducted a content analysis on new scale development articles appearing in the Journal of Counseling Psychology during 10 years (1995 to 2004). The authors analyze and discuss characteristics of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis procedures in these scale development studies with respect to sample characteristics, factorability, extraction methods, rotation methods, item deletion or retention, factor retention, and model fit indexes. The authors uncovered a variety of specific practices that were at variance with the current literature on factor analysis or structural equation modeling. They make recommendations for best practices in scale development research in counseling psychology using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.

The Counseling Psychologist, Vol. 34, No. 6, 806-838 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/0011000006288127
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