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The Counseling Psychologist
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Internalized Heterosexism

Measurement, Psychosocial Correlates, and Research Directions

Dawn M. Szymanski

University of Tennessee, dawnszymanski{at}msn.com

Susan Kashubeck-West

University of Missouri-St. Louis

Jill Meyer

University of Missouri-St. Louis

This article provides an integrated critical review of the literature on internalized heterosexism/internalized homophobia (IH), its measurement, and its psychosocial correlates. It describes the psychometric properties of six published measures used to operationalize the construct of IH. It also critically reviews empirical studies on correlates of IH in the areas of sexual identity formation and the coming-out process; mental, psychosocial, and physical health; substance use; sexual risk-taking behavior; intimate relationships; parenting and family issues; gender roles and feminism; race and ethnicity; religion; career issues; and counselor—client interactions and treatment interventions. Last, it discusses limitations of the body of research and provides suggestions for future research throughout the review.

This version was published on July 1, 2008

The Counseling Psychologist, Vol. 36, No. 4, 525-574 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0011000007309489
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